ŠAMNH   How did the virus reach the United States? Scientists are trying to figure this out, but we don't know for sure. It most likely was introduced by an infected bird imported or perhaps smuggled into the U.S.A., or by an infected person entering or returning to this country, from a region of the world where the virus is established. It is also possible that infected mosquitoes hitched a ride into the country on a plane or boat. The form of the virus found in New York is closest genetically to strains of West Nile found in the Middle East. Is there a treatment? Although there's no specific medication or cure for WNV infection, many of its serious symptoms can be treated. Most people recover completely. How about a vaccine? No vaccine exists. The National Institutes of Health began funding vaccine research in early August 2000, but testing would still be at least a year away. How can I protect myself from getting West Nile virus? The best way is to avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes: Stay inside when mosquitoes are most active (from dusk till dawn). Cover up when outside after sunset: wear long pants, long sleeves, and socks. Use insect repellents with up to 35% DEET (use 10% or less DEET for children, and don't use it on infants) when outside. Dump out stagnant water--ideal breeding places for mosquitoes--around your home in places like clogged gutters, old tires, and discarded cans and jars, or else frequently clean/replace it in places like bird baths and wading pools. Reduce preferred habitat for adult mosquitoes, by cutting down weeds and sheltering vegetation close to the house and mowing the lawn regularly. Make sure that door and window screens have no holes and fit properly. Report any dead birds you see to your local Department of Health.      2 of 3